Check Inventory Availability
This api checks whether the inventory is available for a given city
.
If page_number
and page_size
are not provided, by default, api will return first 30 inventory items in the response.
Various filters like path_search_lab_id
, radio_search_lab_id
, popular_flag
, popular_test_size
, pathology_sort_by
, radiology_sort_by
can be also provided in query params. We can provide values in the query params for the fields - pathology_test[]
, radiology_test[]
and lab[]
This is a paginated api, so the page_number
and page_size
in the query params accordingly.
The api returns pathology tests, radiology tests and popular tests
Query Parameters
- city string
(Required) City Name
Example: gurgaon - pathology_test[] integer
(Optional) Pathology test id
Example: 1717 - radiology_test[] integer
(Optional) Radiology test id
Example: 1 - page_size integer
(Optional) Page Size
Example: 1 - page_number integer
(Optional) Page Number
Example: 0
Header Parameters
- Content-Type stringExample: application/json
- x-access-key stringExample: 1mg_client_public_access_key
- X-Authorization stringExample: {{X-Authorization}}
Responses
- 200
OK
Response Headers
Date string
Content-Type string
Transfer-Encoding string
Connection string
vary string
x-request-id string
set-cookie string
visitor-id string
x-visitor-id string
access-control-allow-methods string
access-control-allow-headers string
access-control-allow-origin string
CF-Cache-Status string
Server string
CF-RAY string
Content-Encoding string
- application/json
- Schema
- Example (from schema)
- Example
Schema
- object
{}
{
"data": {
"pathology_labs": {
"inventories": [
{
"warning": null,
"disclaimer": null,
"total_discount_amount": 0,
"tests": [
{
"test": {
"city_price_info": {
"heading": "Complete Blood Count test price for other cities",
"prefix": "Price in",
"headers": [
"location",
"price"
],
"city_price_data": [
{
"city": "Agra",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/agra/price"
},
{
"city": "New Delhi",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/new-delhi/price"
},
{
"city": "Bangalore",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/bangalore/price"
},
{
"city": "Mumbai",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/mumbai/price"
},
{
"city": "Noida",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/noida/price"
},
{
"city": "Chandigarh",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/chandigarh/price"
},
{
"city": "Bhubaneswar",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/bhubaneswar/price"
},
{
"city": "Allahabad",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/allahabad/price"
},
{
"city": "Dehradun",
"price": 299,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/dehradun/price"
},
{
"city": "Jaipur",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/jaipur/price"
},
{
"city": "Dombivli",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/dombivli/price"
},
{
"city": "Faridabad",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/faridabad/price"
},
{
"city": "Ghaziabad",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/ghaziabad/price"
},
{
"city": "Greater Noida",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/greater-noida/price"
},
{
"city": "Cuttack",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/cuttack/price"
},
{
"city": "Indore",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/indore/price"
},
{
"city": "Hyderabad",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/hyderabad/price"
},
{
"city": "Coimbatore",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/coimbatore/price"
},
{
"city": "Howrah",
"price": 312,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/howrah/price"
},
{
"city": "Gurgaon",
"price": 350,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717/gurgaon/price"
}
],
"upfront_count": 5
},
"pdp_slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717",
"id": 1717,
"name": "Complete Blood Count",
"category": "Pathology",
"type": "TEST",
"precautions": [
"No special preparation required"
],
"composition_count": 21,
"tests_included_count": 21,
"description": "<p><strong id=\"docs-internal-guid-5bebb331-7fff-e1ad-2568-c08ae8a1e756\"></strong></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">A complete blood count (CBC) test is a group of tests that provides information about blood cells like Red Blood Cells (RBC), White Blood Cells (WBC) and platelets. It is routinely performed to provide an overview of a patient's general health status.</span></p>",
"editor": {
"name": "Dr. Sakshi Sharma",
"about": "BDS",
"image_url": "https://onemg.gumlet.io/doc-betina_chandola_new_fxxvl4.jpg?format=auto",
"profile_url": "https://www.1mg.com/editorial-policy-processes/dr.-sakshi-sharma-16"
},
"reviewer": {
"name": "Dr. Varun Gupta",
"about": "MBBS, MD (Pharmacology)",
"image_url": "https://onemg.gumlet.io/assets/d971da48-9332-11ed-80a9-023829437e10.png?format=auto",
"profile_url": "https://www.1mg.com/editorial-policy-processes/dr.-varun-gupta-2"
},
"editorial_policy": {
"image": "https://onemg.gumlet.io/logo_image_rxxknp.svg?format=auto",
"url": "https://www.1mg.com/editorial-policy-processes"
},
"sub_name": "CBP",
"composition_tree": [
{
"RDW CV": []
},
{
"Hematocrit": []
},
{
"Total Leucocyte Count": []
},
{
"Absolute Lymphocyte Count": []
},
{
"Hemoglobin": []
},
{
"Absolute Neutrophil Count": []
},
{
"Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin": []
},
{
"Absolute Basophil Count": []
},
{
"Differential leucocyte Count": [
{
"Differential Basophil Count": []
},
{
"Differential Neutrophil Count": []
},
{
"Differential Lymphocyte Count": []
},
{
"Differential Monocyte Count": []
},
{
"Differential Eosinophil Count": []
}
]
},
{
"Red Blood Cell Count": []
},
{
"Mean Corpuscular Volume": []
},
{
"Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration": []
},
{
"PDW": []
},
{
"Mean Platelet Volume": []
},
{
"Absolute Eosinophil Count": []
},
{
"Platelet Count": []
},
{
"Absolute Monocyte Count": []
}
],
"faqs": [
{
"question": "Is there any risk associated with this test?",
"answer": "There is no risk associated with the test. However, since this test involves a needle prick to withdraw the blood sample, in very rare cases, a patient may experience increased bleeding, hematoma formation (blood collection under the skin), bruising or infection at the site of needle prick."
},
{
"question": "How is the CBC test performed?",
"answer": "A healthcare professional will draw a blood sample from a vein in the arm or a finger-prick or heel-prick (newborns). Unless specified by the doctor, there is no special preparation required before the test."
},
{
"question": "What the CBC test results may indicate?",
"answer": "A Complete blood count (CBC) is not a definitive diagnostic test. Blood cell counts that are too high or too low could signal a wide variety of conditions. Specialized tests are needed to diagnose a specific condition. Your doctor may prescribe more tests to find out the underlying disease"
}
],
"symptoms": "<p><strong id=\"docs-internal-guid-a02a65f1-7fff-39fe-748c-8e7dcdc57360\"></strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">To monitor your overall health as part of a routine check-up</span></p>\n</li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">To </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">help detect a variety of disorders including infections, anemia, diseases of the immune system, and blood cancers</span></p>\n</li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">To monitor an existing blood disorder</span></p>\n</li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">To monitor treatment </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">that is known to affect blood cells such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy </span></p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p> </p>",
"interpretation": "<p><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #434343;\">Meaning of Abnormal CBC Test Results</span></p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Hemoglobin</span></p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: transparent; text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">Decreased levels - Anemia</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; text-align: justify;\">Increased levels - Polycythemia</span></p>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #333333; background-color: transparent;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">WBC</span></p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; text-align: justify;\"> </span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; text-align: justify;\">Decreased levels - Aplastic anemia, Bone marrow disorders, Autoimmune conditions</span><br /><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; text-align: justify;\">Increased levels - Infections, Inflammatory disorders, Leukemia, Myeloproliferative disorders</span></div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Neutrophil count</span></p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; text-align: justify;\">Decreased levels (Neutropenia) - Aplastic anemia, Autoimmune disorders, Drug reactions or Chemotherapy</span><br /><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; text-align: justify;\">Increased levels (Neutrophilia) - Acute bacterial infections, Inflammation, Burns</span></div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #333333; background-color: transparent;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Lymphocyte count</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"> </span></p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; text-align: justify;\">Decreased levels (Lymphopenia) - Bone marrow damage, Aplastic anemia, Autoimmune disorders</span><br /><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; text-align: justify;\">Increased levels (Lymphocytosis) - Acute viral infections, Tuberculosis, Lymphocytic leukemia</span></div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Monocyte count </span></p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; text-align: justify;\">Decreased levels - Bone marrow damage</span><br /><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; text-align: justify;\">Increased levels (Monocytosis) - Chronic infections like tuberculosis, Bacterial endocarditis, Collagen vascular disorders, Inflammatory bowel diseases</span></div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Eosinophil count</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"> </span></p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; text-align: justify;\">Decreased levels - Rare and medically insignificant</span><br /><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; text-align: justify;\">Increased levels (Eosinophilia) - Asthma, Allergies, Drug reactions, Parasitic infections</span></div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Basophil count</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"> </span></p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; text-align: justify;\">Decreased levels - Medically insignificant</span><br /><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; text-align: justify;\">Increased levels (Basophilia) - Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)</span></div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Platelet count</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"> </span></p>\n</li>\n</ul>\nDecreased levels (Thrombocytopenia) - Viral infections like dengue fever, bleeding or platelet disorders<br />Increased levels (Thrombocytosis) -Blood Loss, Chronic Infection or Inflammatory Disease, Removal of the spleen<br /><!--EndFragment--></div>",
"abbreviation": "CBC",
"composition_details": [
{
"name": "RDW CV",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 34965,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/rdw-cv-34965"
},
{
"name": "Hematocrit",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Human blood is made up of erythrocytes or red blood cells, leukocytes or white blood cells, and platelets suspended in a fluid called plasma. Each of the component of blood performs a specific function. The packed cell volume or hematocrit is a ratio of the volume occupied by the RBCs to the total volume occupied by all the blood components or whole blood.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The RBCs transport inhaled oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body, and also a small amount of carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs to be exhaled. The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in solution in plasma as bicarbonate ions. They contain a protein called hemoglobin which binds to oxygen for transport.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">RBCs are produced in the erythropoietic cells of the bone marrow in response to the hormone Erythropoietin secreted by the kidneys when oxygen saturation of blood is detected to be low (hypoxia). The average lifespan of RBCs in circulation is 120 days. Hence, the bone marrows continuously produce RBCs to maintain a steady concentration in blood. The Packed Cell Volume Test depends on the count as well as the average size of the RBCs (Mean Corpuscular Volume or MCV). Higher than normal amount of RBCs produced by the bone marrow can cause the hematocrit to increase, leading to increased blood density and slow blood flow. Lower than normal hematocrit can be caused by low production of RBCs, reduced lifespan of RBC in circulation, or excessive bleeding, leading to reduced amount of oxygen reaching the cells.</span></p><!--EndFragment--><p><br/></p><p><br/></p>",
"id": 2324,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/hematocrit-2324"
},
{
"name": "Total Leucocyte Count",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Blood is made up of different types of cells suspended in a fluid called plasma. These include erythrocytes or red blood cells, leukocytes or white blood cells, and platelets. Blood cells are produced by the hematopoietic cells in bone marrow and are then released into circulation. RBCs carry oxygen to the tissues, platelets help in blood clotting at a site of injury, and leukocytes form a part of the immune system of the body. WBCs are of five primary types: neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are further of three types: B-Lymphocytes, T-Lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils are collectively called granulocytes since they contain granules in cytoplasm.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Depending on various factors like age, gender, health condition, environmental factors, etc., varying amounts of different types of WBCs circulate in the blood. The bone marrow increases the production of WBCs in response to an infection or inflammation anywhere in the body. These WBCs are called to the site by a series of chemical signals, where they work to treat the condition. During this time, the total leukocyte count remains high in blood. Once the infection or inflammation subsides, WBC production by bone marrow decreases and WBC count in circulation falls back to normal levels. A continuously elevated WBC count may thus be an indication of a chronic condition that is not resolving naturally and might need urgent attention.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Apart from an infection or inflammation, WBC count in blood can also be affected by other conditions like disorders of the immune system, autoimmune conditions, cancer, etc. WBC count may be higher or lower than normal in these cases.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">WBC count test serves as an indication of a condition affecting the body. Further tests are performed to confirm a particular condition and direct treatment.</span></p><!--EndFragment--><p><br/></p><p><br/></p>",
"id": 1954,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/total-leucocyte-count-1954"
},
{
"name": "Hemoglobin",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p><b id=\"docs-internal-guid-74306b0f-7fff-35aa-3483-fad0cc95bf54\"></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.<br/></span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein found in red blood cells (RBCs) that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues, and to exchange the oxygen for carbon dioxide. Hemoglobin then carries the carbon dioxide back to the lungs and where it is exchanged for oxygen. </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\">Iron is an essential part of hemoglobin. Most blood cells, including red blood cells, are produced regularly in your bone marrow (present within the cavities of many of large bones). To produce hemoglobin and red blood cells, your body needs iron, vitamin B12, folate and other nutrients from the foods you eat.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\">A decrease in hemoglobin concentration in blood results in anemia. Anemia is a blood disorder characterized by a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen to body organs and tissues. Anemia is the most common blood disorder, affecting about a third of the global population and can cause symptoms like tiredness (fatigue), weakness, shortness of breath etc.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\">The hemoglobin test is usually performed as a part of complete blood count (CBC) test. </span></p>",
"id": 1838,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/hemoglobin-1838"
},
{
"name": "Absolute Neutrophil Count",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p>It gives us a measure of one of the components of the white blood cells , called Neutrophils. While all white blood cells help your body fight infections, neutrophils are important for fighting against bacterial infection. <br/></p>",
"id": 1496,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/absolute-neutrophil-count-1496"
},
{
"name": "Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2599,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/mean-corpuscular-hemoglobin-2599"
},
{
"name": "Absolute Basophil Count",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 1978,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/absolute-basophil-count-1978"
},
{
"name": "Differential leucocyte Count",
"composition_details": [
{
"name": "Differential Basophil Count"
},
{
"name": "Differential Neutrophil Count"
},
{
"name": "Differential Lymphocyte Count"
},
{
"name": "Differential Monocyte Count"
},
{
"name": "Differential Eosinophil Count"
}
],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Blood is made up of different types of cells which are suspended in a fluid called plasma. These include erythrocytes or red blood cells, leukocytes or white blood cells, and platelets. Blood cells are produced by the hematopoietic cells in bone marrow and are then released into circulation. RBCs carry oxygen to the tissues, platelets help in blood clotting at a site of injury, and leukocytes form an integral part of the immune system of the body.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">WBCs are of five types, each having a different function and present in different numbers:</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">1. </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> </span></span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Neutrophils: Under normal conditions, the number of neutrophils present is higher than any other type of WBCs.. They provide protection against pathogens, mostly bacteria and sometimes fungi. Neutrophils engulf the pathogens completely and digest them (the process is called phagocytosis). They are usually associated with acute or short-term infections.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">2. </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> </span></span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Eosinophils: Eosinophils are WBCs that are primarily responsible to fight parasitic infections. They are also involved in allergic reactions and regulation of the extent of immune response.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">3. </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> </span></span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Basophils: Basophils are WBCs which are present in the lowest numbers in circulation. They are considered to play an important role in allergic response.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">[Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are together classified as granulocytes. Granulocytes are the WBCs which contain granules present in their cytoplasm. These granules secrete chemicals during immune response.]</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">4. </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> </span></span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Monocytes: Monocytes are WBCs which are also involved in protection against infectious pathogens by phagocytosis like neutrophils. However, monocytes are more commonly associated with chronic or long-term infections.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">5. </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> </span></span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Lymphocytes: These are specialized WBCs which are responsible for recognizing and neutralizing foreign (non-self) cells and cancer cells in the body. Lymphocytes are of three types, all of which are differentiated from a common type of lymphocyte progenitor cell:</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">· T cells or T lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland. They are responsible for differentiating between self and non-self cells of the body. T cells are also responsible for the initiation and extent of immune response, and targeted destruction of cancer cells and virus.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">· B cells or B lymphocytes are control acquired immunity by producing antibodies against antigens found on foreign cells and pathogens like bacteria and viruses.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">· Natural killer cells or NK cells destroy all foreign cells tagged by antibodies, cancer cells and virus-infected cells by phagocytosis.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Depending on various factors like age, gender, health condition, environmental factors, etc., varying amounts of different types of WBCs circulate in the blood. The bone marrow increases production of WBCs in response to an infection or inflammation anywhere in the body, which are then called to the site by a series of chemical signals, where they work to treat the condition. Depending on the condition, the count of one or more types of WBCs remains high in the blood. Once the condition subsides, WBC production by the bone marrow decreases and their count in circulation falls back to normal levels. Elevated amount of one or more types of leukocytes for a long time may be an indication of a chronic condition that is not resolving naturally and might need urgent attention.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Apart from an infection or inflammation, WBC count in blood can also be affected by other conditions like disorders of the immune system, autoimmune conditions, cancer, etc. One or more types of WBC count may be higher or lower than normal in these cases.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Differential Leukocyte Count Test serves as an indication of a condition affecting the body. Further tests are performed to confirm a particular condition and direct treatment.</span></p><!--EndFragment--><p><br/></p><p><br/></p>",
"id": 1760,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/differential-leucocyte-count-1760",
"sub_text": "This further contains"
},
{
"name": "Red Blood Cell Count",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 1772,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/red-blood-cell-count-1772"
},
{
"name": "Mean Corpuscular Volume",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2598,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/mean-corpuscular-volume-2598"
},
{
"name": "Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2600,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/mean-corpuscular-hemoglobin-concentration-2600"
},
{
"name": "PDW",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 32844,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/pdw-32844"
},
{
"name": "Mean Platelet Volume",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2660,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/mean-platelet-volume-2660"
},
{
"name": "Absolute Eosinophil Count",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The absolute eosinophil count measures the number of eosinophils present in the blood. Eosinophils, a type of white blood cells, helps in fighting the disease. These come into action for are said to be linked with certain infections and allergic diseases. The eosinophils are produced and mature in the bone marrow. They usually take about 8 days to mature and then are moved to blood vessels.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The eosinophils have varied functions which include the physiological role in organ formation such as the development of post-gestational mammary gland. Other functions include its movement to the areas of inflammation, trapping substances, killing cells, bactericidal and anti-parasitic activity. It also helps the treatment of immediate allergic reactions and modulation of inflammatory responses.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><br/></span></p>",
"id": 2148,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/absolute-eosinophil-count-2148"
},
{
"name": "Platelet Count",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">The platelet count measures the number of platelets present in the blood. Platelets are also known as thrombocytes which are tiny fragments of cells. These are formed from large cells which are found in the bone marrow known as megakaryocytes. After the platelets are formed, they are released into the blood circulation.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">Whenever there is an injury to a tissue or blood vessel, bleeding starts. At this point, platelets help in stopping the bleeding in three ways:</span></p><ul><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">The platelets will adhere to the injury site</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">The platelets will accumulate at the injury site </span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">The platelets will release chemical compounds which stimulate gathering of other platelets</span></p></li></ul><p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">With these steps, a loose platelet connection forms at the site of injury. This process is known as primary hemostasis. The activated platelets start to support the coagulation cascade which involves a series of steps that includes the sequential activation of clotting factors. This process is known as secondary hemostasis which results in the formation of fibrin strands that knit through the loose platelet connection to form a fibrin net. After that, the connection is compressed to form a stable clot so that it remains in place until the injury heals. Once the injury is healed, other factors come into play and break it down so that it gets removed. </span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">In case the platelets are not sufficient in number or are not functioning properly, a stable clot might not form. These unstable clots can result in an increased risk of excessive bleeding. </span></p><!--EndFragment--><p><br/></p><p><br/></p>",
"id": 1900,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/platelet-count-1900"
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{
"name": "Absolute Monocyte Count",
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"understand": null,
"id": 2141,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/absolute-monocyte-count-2141"
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"heading": "What does Complete Blood Count measure?",
"body": "<p><strong id=\"docs-internal-guid-ee7b0b3b-7fff-fc34-ea1b-0b891c1019da\"></strong></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Blood is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma (yellowish-colored liquid). The blood cells include red blood cells (also called RBCs or erythrocytes), white blood cells (also called WBCs or leukocytes), and platelets (also called thrombocytes).</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Red blood cells</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong> (RBCs)</strong> are the most abundant blood cells. RBCs contain hemoglobin which helps in the transportation of oxygen to the tissues. RBC count is the measurement of the number of RBCs in a given volume of blood.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Packed Cell Volume (PCV) or Hematocrit (Hct)</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"> is the measurement of the blood volume occupied by RBCs. It is expressed in percentage.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>White blood cells</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong> (WBCs) </strong>are key components of the immune system and thus protect the body from various infections and cancers. </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Total Leucocyte count</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"> </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">(TLC)</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"> is the measurement of the total number of leukocytes (WBCs) in a given volume of blood. </span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">There are five types of WBCs:</span></p>\n<ol>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Neutrophils</span></p>\n</li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Basophils</span></p>\n</li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Eosinophils</span></p>\n</li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Lymphocytes</span></p>\n</li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Monocytes</span></p>\n</li>\n</ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Differential Leucocyte Count (DLC)</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"> determines the percentage of different types of WBCs.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Neutrophils, Basophils, and Eosinophils are called </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Granulocytes</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"> because of the presence of granules inside these cells.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Absolute count of different types of WBCs </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">is the measurement of their absolute numbers in the given volume of blood.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Platelet count</strong> </span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">- Platelets (also called thrombocytes) are disc-shaped cell fragments without a nucleus that help in blood clotting. Platelet count is the measurement of the number of platelets in a given volume of blood.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong> </strong>is a measurement of the average size of platelets.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>PDW or platelet distribution width</strong> refers to the variation of platelet size distribution </span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Hemoglobin (Hb)</strong> - </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"> </span><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-45e95cce-7fff-631d-0bec-7c15fd7f2b4e\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein found in red blood cells (RBCs) that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues, exchanges the oxygen for carbon dioxide, and then carries the carbon dioxide back to the lungs where it is exchanged for oxygen.</span></span><!--EndFragment--><br /><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><br /></strong></span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> is the average volume of a red blood cell.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong> </strong>is the average amount of hemoglobin in the average red blood cell.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"> is the average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of red cells.</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Red Cell Distribution Width Coefficient of variation (RDW CV)</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">is a measurement of the variability of the red blood distribution curve and their mean size. </span></p>",
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"heading": "Sample Type for CBC",
"body": "The sample type collected for Complete Blood Count is: Urine,Blood 2",
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"text": "There is no risk associated with the test. However, since this test involves a needle prick to withdraw the blood sample, in very rare cases, a patient may experience increased bleeding, hematoma formation (blood collection under the skin), bruising or infection at the site of needle prick."
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"text": "A healthcare professional will draw a blood sample from a vein in the arm or a finger-prick or heel-prick (newborns). Unless specified by the doctor, there is no special preparation required before the test."
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"text": "A Complete blood count (CBC) is not a definitive diagnostic test. Blood cell counts that are too high or too low could signal a wide variety of conditions. Specialized tests are needed to diagnose a specific condition. Your doctor may prescribe more tests to find out the underlying disease"
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"Urine sample must preferably be the midstream urine (part of urine that comes after first and before the last stream). Collect the urine sample in a sealed and sterile container provided by our sample collection professional. Make sure that the container doesn't come in contact with your skin. Please be informed that urine sample is a part of this package, you are required to submit all the samples that are a part of the package during the sample collection itself. Women are advised not to give the sample during the menstrual period unless prescribed.",
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{
"Uric Acid": []
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"Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)": []
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{
"HDL / LDL Cholesterol Ratio": []
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"Albumin": []
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{
"Bilirubin Indirect": []
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{
"Bilirubin Direct": []
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{
"Gamma Glutamyl Transferase": []
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{
"Protein Total": []
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{
"Bilirubin Total": []
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{
"Alanine Transaminase": []
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{
"Alkaline Phosphatase": []
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{
"Aspartate Aminotransferase": []
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{
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{
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{
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{
"Glucose - Fasting Urine": []
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"Total Cholesterol/HDL Cholesterol Ratio": []
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{
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"Complete Blood Count": [
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"Absolute Lymphocyte Count": []
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{
"Differential Neutrophil Count": []
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{
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"composition_details": [
{
"name": "Kidney Function Test",
"composition_details": [
{
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"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p><b id=\"docs-internal-guid-761d14fd-7fff-fdfc-cb3b-50072c832ae2\"></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Creatinine is a waste product which is produced by the muscles due to the breakdown of a compound called Creatine. During the cycle of energy production which is required to contract muscles, creatine is produced. Kidneys remove creatinine from the body by filtering it from the blood and then releasing it into the urine. This test measures the amount of creatinine in the blood.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The body produces creatine and creatinine at a relatively same rate. Since kidneys filter most of the creatinine from the blood and release it into the urine, the blood levels can be used as an indicator to know how well the kidneys are functioning. The amount of creatinine produced depends upon the size of the person as well as their muscle mass. That is why levels of creatinine are higher in men as compared to women and children. </span></p>",
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"slug_url": "/labs/test/creatinine-1731"
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{
"name": "Uric Acid",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p><b id=\"docs-internal-guid-893a7ffd-7fff-6d69-6c2e-d85f5c3e17f8\"></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The Uric acid test measures the levels of uric acid in the blood. Uric acid is a nitrogenous compound produced by the metabolic breakdown of purine. Purines are nitrogenous bases in DNA forming parts of the structural framework of the cells. Breakdown of purines occurs when cells become old and die, forming uric acid. Uric acid is also formed from the metabolic breakdown of some types of food like red meat, seafood, beans, etc.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Most of the uric acid in the blood is filtered and eliminated by the kidneys and a small remaining amount in the stool. The concentration of uric acid in the blood can increase due to overproduction of uric acid or improper elimination of uric acid, and this condition is called Hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia can also be caused due to cancer treatment by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. These treatment methods kill the cancer cells, which may leak the uric acid into the blood. </span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Excess uric acid can form crystals in the synovial fluid between the joints causing inflammation and pain. This condition is called gout and can severely damage the joints if left untreated. The Uric Acid Test can indicate the presence of gout, or risk of formation of gout. However, it is not a definitive test for gout. Confirmatory test for gout is performed by analysis of synovial fluid (joint fluid) for monosodium urate crystals. Chronic Hyperuricemia can cause the formation of tophi, which are hard lumpy deposits of uric acid crystals formed under the skin, in the joints, and at the top of the ears. Tophi cause severe damage to the joints and may compress nerves causing chronic pain and disfigurement. The excess uric acid may also deposit and crystallize in the kidneys causing kidney stones and acute renal failure.</span></p>",
"id": 1963,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/uric-acid-1963"
},
{
"name": "Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The Blood Urea Nitrogen test measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood. Urea is a waste product which is formed in the liver. It is formed when protein is metabolized into amino acids. This leads to the production of ammonia which is further converted into urea which is a less toxic waste product. </span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Both ammonia and urea have nitrogen as their component. The liver releases urea into the blood which is then carried out to the kidneys. Here, it is filtered out of the blood and then released into the urine. Since this is a continuous process, a small and stable amount of urea nitrogen always remains in the blood.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">In case of kidney or liver diseases, there is a change in the amount of urea present in the blood. If the liver produces urea in increased amounts or if there is any problem in the functioning of the kidneys, there can be difficulty in filtering out wastes of the blood which will lead to rising in urea concentrations in the blood. If due to liver damage or disease there is less production of urea, the concentration of BUN will fall.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">The BUN test is done along with creatinine test to evaluate kidney function to diagnose kidney disease and to monitor patients undergoing treatment of kidney disease. </span></p><!--EndFragment--><p><br/></p><p><br/></p>",
"id": 33154,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/blood-urea-nitrogen-bun-33154"
}
],
"understand": "<p><strong id=\"docs-internal-guid-fdceca82-7fff-8485-6555-71d3ee3cebbf\"></strong></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spinal column in the abdomen towards the back. The kidneys perform a number of important functions. The most important of these is that they filter the blood and separate the waste products generated out of regular metabolic activities of the body, primarily urea. Following the separation, the kidneys excrete the waste products out of the body through urine. They help in maintaining the normal pH level and water balance of the body. The kidneys also play essential roles in the synthesis of Vitamin D and Red Blood Cells (RBCs).</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">The Kidney Function Test includes the following tests to monitor kidney function:</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">· <strong>Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)/ Urea:</strong></span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Blood Urea Nitrogen is a test to measure the amount of urea nitrogen present in the blood. Urea is a nitrogenous by-product of the metabolism of protein, and its level in blood serves as an indication of the amount of nitrogen present in blood as urea. In simpler terms, BUN is the measure of the amount of nitrogen present in blood in the form of urea. High BUN levels in the blood can be caused as a result of kidney diseases, dehydration and obstruction in the urinary tract due to kidney stones, prostate gland enlargement, etc.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Urea test measures the level of urea in the blood. Urea is a final waste product formed from the breakdown of proteins. Urea is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys to excrete excess nitrogen present in the blood through urine. Excess of urea in blood is called uremia and can be caused by a number of conditions including kidney diseases.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">·</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"> <strong>Uric Acid:</strong></span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">This test measures the level of uric acid in the blood. Uric acid is a waste product formed from the breakdown of purines, which are essential building blocks of DNA. It is also produced by the metabolism of proteinaceous food, especially red meat. Uric acid is excreted from the body by the kidneys through urine and a small portion through stool. The uric acid test indicates the level of uric acid in the blood and serves as an indirect estimation of the proper functioning of the kidneys.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">The presence of excess amounts of uric acid in the blood is called hyperuricemia, and causes gout due to the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the synovial fluid between joints. Hyperuricemia also causes the formation of hard lumps of uric acid crystals called tophi under the skin and at the top of the ears. Uric acid crystals can also accumulate in the kidneys and cause kidney stones.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">· <strong>Creatinine:</strong></span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">This test measures the level of Creatinine in blood. Creatinine is a waste product formed from the normal breakdown of muscles in the body. Creatinine is almost completely excreted by the kidneys, so their levels in the blood serve as an indication of kidney function.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Excess creatinine in the blood can be found due to decreased elimination from the kidneys as well as due to increased creatinine production by muscular breakdown, eating cooked meat, protein supplements, etc.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">· <strong>BUN/Creatinine Ratio:</strong></span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">BUN/Creatinine Ratio compares the levels of nitrogen as urea in blood to the levels of creatinine in the blood. This ratio serves as a more accurate representation of kidney function. It is also used to check for dehydration since the BUN level increases in dehydration while creatinine levels remain the same. Low BUN to creatinine ratio can be caused due to a low protein diet, liver cirrhosis, rhabdomyolysis (muscle disease), syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) as well as during pregnancy.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"> </span></p>",
"id": 2561,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/kidney-function-test-2561"
},
{
"name": "HDL / LDL Cholesterol Ratio",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2722,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/hdl-ldl-cholesterol-ratio-2722"
},
{
"name": "Liver Function Test",
"composition_details": [
{
"name": "Albumin",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 1327,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/albumin-1327"
},
{
"name": "Bilirubin Indirect",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 1523,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/bilirubin-indirect-1523"
},
{
"name": "Bilirubin Direct",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 1524,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/bilirubin-direct-1524"
},
{
"name": "Gamma Glutamyl Transferase",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 1781,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/gamma-glutamyl-transferase-1781"
},
{
"name": "Protein Total",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 1911,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/protein-total-1911"
},
{
"name": "Bilirubin Total",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The Bilirubin Total measures the amount of bilirubin present in the blood of a person. Bilirubin is an orange-yellow waste pigment produced by the normal breakdown of heme. The heme is a component of hemoglobin and is found in red blood cells. The liver processes the bilirubin and eliminates it from the body. </span></p><p><br/></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The life span of red blood cells is about 120 days. The heme which is released from the hemoglobin is converted into bilirubin which is called unconjugated bilirubin. It is then carried to the liver by proteins, where it gets attached to sugars and becomes conjugated bilirubin. This conjugated bilirubin enters the bile from the liver and passes to the small intestine. Here, it gets broken down by the bacteria and further gets eliminated in the stool. These breakdown products of bilirubin are responsible for giving the characteristic brown color to the stool.</span></p><p><br/></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">A healthy adult body produces approximately 250 - 350 mg of bilirubin daily. About 85% of bilirubin comes from damaged or degraded RBCs while the remaining amount comes from the bone marrow or liver.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Small amount of unconjugated bilirubin is released in the blood normally, but there is no virtual presence of conjugated bilirubin in the blood. </span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Both the forms of bilirubin can be measured or evaluated by the laboratory tests, and total bilirubin (sum of conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin) may be reported. In case there is an increase in levels of bilirubin, there will be yellowing of the skin and white of the eyes, giving the appearance of jaundice. </span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><br/></span></p>",
"id": 1975,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/bilirubin-total-1975"
},
{
"name": "Alanine Transaminase",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Alanine Transaminase test measures the levels of alanine transaminase in the blood. Alanine Transaminase is an enzyme which is found in liver and kidney cells. However, this enzyme, in less quantity, can be found in the muscles and the heart. Its function is to convert alanine (an amino acid found in proteins) to pyruvate (intermediate in cellular energy production). </span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">Generally, these levels of alanine transaminase in the blood remain low in healthy individuals. However, if there is any damage to the liver, alanine transaminase is released in the blood. This process helps in early detection of any damage to the liver. </span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">The function of the liver is to process the nutrients of the body. It also produces bile which helps in digesting fats along with the production of other important proteins such as blood clotting factors and albumin. The liver breaks the potentially toxic substances into harmless products which can be used or eliminated by the body. </span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">This test is done with another liver enzyme, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as a part of the liver panel. In case of damage to the liver, there is a sudden rise in levels of both enzymes. However, alanine transaminase is more specific for the liver. In some cases, it is possible that only one of them is increased. The AST/ALT ratio can be calculated to differentiate between various causes and severity of the liver injury. This can also help to distinguish whether the injury is from damage to the liver or heart or muscles.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\"><br/></span></p>",
"id": 2142,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/alanine-transaminase-2142"
},
{
"name": "Alkaline Phosphatase",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The alkaline phosphatase, serum test measures the alkaline phosphatase levels in the blood. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme which is found in various tissues throughout the body. The maximum concentrations of ALP are present in cells of bone and liver. Usually, raised levels of ALP are caused due to liver disease or bone disorders.</span></p><p><br/></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">ALP is found in the liver on the cell edges that join to form bile ducts. The bile ducts are the tiny tubes which drain bile from the liver to the bowels. The bile juice formed is required by the small intestine to help digest fat in the diet.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">ALP is produced by osteoblasts cells in the bone which are involved in bone formation. The various tissue types produce distinct forms of ALP which are known as isoenzymes.</span></p><p><br/></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The levels of ALP generally increase to a great extent if one or more bile ducts get blocked. The reason could be inflammation of the gallbladder which is known as cholecystitis or the presence of gallstones. The small amount of increase of ALP in the blood can be seen in liver cancer and cirrhosis. These high levels can also be observed if there is intake of medications toxic to the liver and hepatitis.</span></p><p><br/></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">In conditions, where there is formation of excessive bones such as Paget’s disease one can also have increased levels of ALP. Along with that, higher blood ALP levels can be seen in children and adolescents, as they are in the growing stage and so are their bones.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><br/></span></p>",
"id": 2150,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/alkaline-phosphatase-2150"
},
{
"name": "Aspartate Aminotransferase",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme which is found in most of the body cells but mainly in the heart and liver. It is also present in kidneys and muscles but in smaller amounts. Normally, the levels of AST are low, but the levels rise when there is an injury to cells of the liver or muscle. </span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"> </p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: #ffffff;\">The function of the liver is to process the nutrients of the body. It also produces bile which helps in digesting fats along with the production of other important proteins such as blood clotting factors and albumin. The liver breaks the potentially toxic substances into harmless products which can be used or eliminated by the body. </span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"> </p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">The rise in levels of AST can be due to conditions causing liver damage such as hepatitis, drugs which are toxic to liver, cirrhosis, or alcoholism. The AST test is not specific for the liver. Its levels may also rise in conditions which affect other parts of the body.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">This test is done with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test. Both the enzymes are found in the liver and their levels rise in case of liver damage. The ratio of AST/ALT helps in differentiating between the causes of liver damage in case of injury to heart or muscle. </span></p><!--EndFragment--><p><br/></p><p><br/></p>",
"id": 2168,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/aspartate-aminotransferase-2168"
},
{
"name": "Globulin, Serum",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2670,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/globulin-serum-2670"
},
{
"name": "Albumin/Globulin Ratio, Serum",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2671,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/albumin-globulin-ratio-serum-2671"
}
],
"understand": "<p><strong id=\"docs-internal-guid-89756ecb-7fff-a725-137a-ce9804541bab\"></strong></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000;\">LFT </span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #333333;\">measures the level of liver enzymes, proteins, and bilirubin in the blood.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"> </p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000;\">The liver is a wedge-shaped organ located in the right upper part of the abdomen. The liver helps in the synthesis of certain proteins, </span><span style=\"color: #222222;\">produces bile (an alkaline compound which helps in the breakdown of fat), </span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000;\">process the bilirubin (a yellowish substance produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin) and helps in removing ammonia and other toxins (harmful substances) from the body. It plays an important role in the metabolism of fats, protein, and carbohydrates. It stores glycogen, vitamins, and minerals as well as helps in the metabolism (breakdown) of certain drugs.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Many diseases affect the health of the liver like hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcoholic hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), bile duct obstruction, liver or bile duct cancer and many others. </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Liver function can also be affected by various risk factors like alcohol abuse, certain drugs, s</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">edentary lifestyle, and obesity. Regular monitoring of liver function is essential for early detection of any liver abnormality.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #231f20;\">LFT is a group of tests that measure the levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Total protein, Bilirubin and Gamma Glutamyltransferase (GGT) in blood. Each component has its own significance and helps to understand a particular aspect of the liver function.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"> </p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20; background-color: transparent;\"><strong>Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)</strong> </span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"> <span style=\"color: #231f20; background-color: transparent;\">Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme and this test measures the level of this enzyme in the blood. ALT is</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"> </span><span style=\"color: #231f20; background-color: transparent;\">also known as serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and</span><span style=\"color: #231f20;\"> is mainly found in the liver, but also in smaller amounts in the kidneys, heart, pancreas and muscles. This enzyme is released into the bloodstream in case of liver disease or damage leading to increased ALT blood levels, a </span><span style=\"color: #333333; background-color: transparent;\">specific indicator of liver injury</span><span style=\"color: #231f20;\">. </span><span style=\"color: #231f20; background-color: transparent;\">However, this test cannot determine the extent or severity of the liver damage.</span></p>\n<p> </p>\n<p><strong style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #231f20; text-align: justify;\">Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)</strong></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20; background-color: transparent;\">This</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"> tes</span><span style=\"color: #231f20; background-color: transparent;\">t measures the level of the enzyme AST in your blood. It is also known as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). AST is found in the liver and </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">is r</span><span style=\"color: #333333; background-color: transparent;\">eleased in the blood in large amounts </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">in case of any liver injury. AST levels are usually measured along with ALT as AST is not specific for liver </span><span style=\"color: #231f20; background-color: transparent;\">(also </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">found</span><span style=\"color: #333333; background-color: transparent;\"> in the heart, skeletal muscle and other organs). </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Your doctor may also recommend an ALT/AST ratio to help in the diagnosis.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"><strong> </strong></span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"><strong>Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)</strong> </span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">This test measures the blood levels of the enzyme ALP which is </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">found in the liver (one of the main source), bile ducts, bones, intestine, pancreas and kidney. ALP helps to break down proteins in the body. Diseases that mainly harm or damage the cells of the liver and bile duct, leading to overproduction and </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">release of this enzyme into the bloodstream.</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"> This causes increased blood ALP levels.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"> </p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20; background-color: transparent;\"><strong>Total Serum Protein</strong></span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20; background-color: transparent;\">This test measures the total amount of protein in the blood, which includes two major types of proteins: albumin and globulin. </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">The test report mentions separate results for total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio (A/G ratio).</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">The level of proteins in the blood indicates the biosynthetic capacity of the liver. Hepatocytes (liver cells) are unable to synthesize this protein in certain liver diseases leading to a fall in protein levels in the blood.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Albumin is </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">synthesized only in the liver. It helps to </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">transports minerals, enzymes, hormones, bilirubin and some medicines throughout your body. It </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">prevents the fluid from leaking out of your blood vessels into the tissues.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Globulin is synthesized in the liver and by the cells of the immune system. It plays a key role in fighting infections and transports many enzymes, hormones, minerals and some medicines in the body.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"> </p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"><strong>Bilirubin</strong></span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">This test measures the amount of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a waste product formed by the breakdown of red blood cells and is processed by the liver.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Bilirubin blood test report includes separate values for direct (conjugated) bilirubin, indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin, and total bilirubin.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">When heme is released from the hemoglobin, it is converted to bilirubin. This is called unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin which is carried to the liver by some proteins. </span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">In the liver, bilirubin gets attached (conjugated) to</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"> modified sugars (glucuronic acid) an</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">d form conjugated (direct) bilirubin.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Both these forms can be measured or estimated by laboratory tests, and a total bilirubin result (includes both direct and indirect bilirubin) is also measured.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">A damaged liver can’t properly process bilirubin, leading to abnormally high levels of bilirubin in the blood. Increased unconjugated bilirubin in the blood results due to its overproduction or improper uptake by the liver. Increased conjugated bilirubin results can be seen in </span><span style=\"color: #2a2a2a; background-color: transparent;\">diseases that reduce the rate of secretion of conjugated bilirubin into the bile or the flow of bile into the intestine</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"> resulting in a backward flow of conjugated bilirubin into the blood.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"> </p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #111111; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)</strong></span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20; background-color: #ffffff;\">This test measures the level of the enzyme GGT in your blood which is present in large amounts in the liver. It is a transport molecule and it helps the liver to metabolize many drugs and toxins. GGT is a very sensitive test for detecting any liver disease especially due to alcohol abuse and is also one of the first enzymes to rise in patients with bile duct obstruction like tumor or stones.</span></p>",
"id": 2562,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/liver-function-test-2562"
},
{
"name": "Urine Routine & Microscopy",
"composition_details": [
{
"name": "Glucose - Fasting Urine",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">The Glucose - fasting urine test measures the levels of glucose in urine during the period of fasting. The most common cause of high levels of glucose in the urine is diabetes. In diabetes, the way the body processes the glucose gets affected. The insulin hormone is responsible for controlling the metabolism of glucose in the blood. In diabetic patients, the body is either not able to make enough insulin or the body is not able to utilize the insulin produced. Due to this, the glucose starts to build up in the blood and the kidneys are not able to control it to release it into the urine.</span></p>\n<p> </p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">The presence of glucose in the urine is termed as glycosuria or glucosuria. This could be due to side effects caused by certain medicines or problems in the kidney, such as renal glycosuria. </span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"> </span></p>",
"id": 1786,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/glucose-fasting-urine-1786"
},
{
"name": "Urobilinogen",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2622,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/urobilinogen-2622"
},
{
"name": "Ketone",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2623,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/ketone-2623"
},
{
"name": "Nitrite",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2626,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/nitrite-2626"
},
{
"name": "Colour",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2628,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/colour-2628"
},
{
"name": "Appearance",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2629,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/appearance-2629"
},
{
"name": "Specific Gravity",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2630,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/specific-gravity-2630"
},
{
"name": "Epithelial Cell",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2633,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/epithelial-cell-2633"
},
{
"name": "Casts",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2634,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/casts-2634"
},
{
"name": "Crystals",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2635,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/crystals-2635"
},
{
"name": "Protein Urine",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The Protein, Urine measures the excessive protein excreted in the urine. The urine protein tests measure the protein which is released into the urine. Normally, the urine protein elimination is less than 150 mg/day and less than 30 mg of albumin/day. Temporarily raised levels may be seen in conditions such as stress, infections, pregnancy, cold exposure, diet, or heavy exercise. </span></p><p><span style=\"background-color: transparent;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);text-align: justify;\">The appearance of persistent protein discharge in the urine suggests possible kidney damage or the requirement of additional tests to know the cause.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">In a normal functioning kidney, the filtered proteins are retained or reabsorbed and sent back to the blood. Whereas, if any damage is caused to the kidneys then it may affect their functioning which may cause detectable amounts of protein extracted into the urine.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><br/></span></p>",
"id": 2644,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/protein-urine-2644"
},
{
"name": "Ph for Urine",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 33157,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/ph-for-urine-33157"
}
],
"understand": "<p style=\"color: rgb(85, 85, 85);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">Urine Routine and Microscopy test involve the three-part evaluation of the urine sample.</p><p style=\"color: rgb(85, 85, 85);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">1. <b>Gross Examination</b> - It involves the visual examination of the urine sample for color and appearance.</p><p style=\"color: rgb(85, 85, 85);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">2. <b>Chemical Examination - </b>It is done by urine dip-stick method which involves the use of reagent test strips. These test strips are dipped into the urine sample and the colors that develop are matched with the control for analysis. It is done to examine the urine sample for glucose, protein, pH, specific gravity, blood, nitrites, ketones, leukocyte esterase, bilirubin, and urobilinogen.</p><p style=\"color: rgb(85, 85, 85);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">3.<b> Microscopic Examination - </b>It involves the examination of the urine sample under the microscope for casts, crystals, cells, bacteria, and yeast. </p><p style=\"color: rgb(85, 85, 85);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span><br/></span></p><p style=\"color: rgb(85, 85, 85);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br/></p>",
"id": 2374,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/urine-routine-microscopy-2374"
},
{
"name": "Thyroid profile Total",
"composition_details": [
{
"name": "Thyroxine - Total",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-fcfe624a-7fff-d5a2-ec20-16b1874c13e4\" style=\"color: rgb(85, 85, 85);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51);background-color: transparent;\">Thyroxine (T4) Total test measures the total levels (both free and bound forms) of Thyroxine hormone (T4) in the blood.</span></span><br/></span></p><p><b id=\"docs-internal-guid-00f41409-7fff-9ce3-f330-4e021f396a3e\"></b></p><p><b id=\"docs-internal-guid-1120c599-7fff-c15f-8016-9fc1046bbdc9\"></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The thyroid gland secretes the following hormones:</span></p><ul><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Triiodothyronine (T3)</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Thyroxine (T4)</span></p></li></ul><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), also called Thyrotropin is a hormone secreted into the blood by the pituitary gland (a gland present in the brain). It directs the thyroid gland to produce and release the thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) into your blood. The iodine from the food stimulates the thyroid gland to make the thyroid hormones.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The thyroid hormones regulate growth and metabolism. If the thyroid gland produces very high amounts of these hormones (T3 and T4), symptoms of weight loss, rapid heartbeat, tremors, sweating, anxiety, increased sensitivity towards heat, etc occurs. This is known as Hyperthyroidism.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The decreased production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) results in Hypothyroidism which may lead to weight gain, fatigue, slow heart rate, increased sensitivity towards cold, depression, dry and thin hair, etc.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">There is a feedback system in the body to maintain stable amounts of the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in the blood. When the levels of thyroid hormones decrease, the pituitary gland is stimulated to release TSH. High TSH, in turn, increases the release of thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) from the thyroid gland and vice-versa.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">T4 hormone constitutes about 90% of thyroid hormones and circulates in the blood in two forms:</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">1) Bound form - It is bound to the proteins present in blood and this prevents it from entering the body tissues. The three main proteins in the blood that the T4 hormone is bound to are albumin, transthyretin and Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). TBG is also called Thyroid hormone Binding Globulin (THBG).</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">2) Free form - It enters the body tissues where it is needed and this is the active form.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Hence, the T4 hormone can be measured as Free T4 or Total T4. The total T4 includes both bound and free forms circulating in the blood and can be affected by the amount of protein available in the blood to bind to them. </span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">While the total T4 test is a useful indicator of T4 levels in the presence of normal binding proteins, it is not useful when levels of binding proteins are increased or decreased. For example, increased total T4 levels can be seen despite normal levels of free T4 levels and normal thyroid function due to an increase in thyroxine-binding proteins.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Thyroxine (T4) Total test is also done as a part of the Thyroid profile Total test which includes two more tests: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Triiodothyronine (T3) Total.</span></p>",
"id": 1950,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/thyroxine-total-1950"
},
{
"name": "Triiodothyronine Total",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p><b id=\"docs-internal-guid-d978f015-7fff-468c-2e6a-51f99c731c0b\"></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: none;\">Triiodothyronine (T3) Total Test measures the total levels (both free and bound forms) of Triiodothyronine (T3) hormone in the blood.</span><!--EndFragment--><br/><br/>The thyroid gland secretes the following hormones:</span></p><ul><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Triiodothyronine (T3)</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Thyroxine (T4)</span></p></li></ul><p><span style=\"background-color: transparent;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);text-align: justify;\">Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is a hormone secreted into the blood by a gland present in the brain (Pituitary gland) and it tells your thyroid gland to make and release the thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) into your blood. The thyroid gland uses iodine from food to make the thyroid hormones.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\">The thyroid hormones are essential for growth and metabolism.</span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"> If the thyroid gland produces very high amounts of these hormones (T3 and T4), you may experience symptoms of weight loss, rapid heartbeat, tremors, sweating, anxiety, increased sensitivity to heat etc. and this is known as Hyperthyroidism.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Also, the decreased production of thyroid hormones </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">(T3 and T4) results in Hypothyroidism which may cause symptoms like weight gain, fatigue, slow heart rate, increased sensitivity to cold, depression, dry and thin hair etc.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\">There is a</span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\"> </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\">feedback system in the body to maintain stable amounts of the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in the blood. When thyroid hormone levels decrease, the pituitary gland is stimulated to release TSH. This high TSH in turn leads to the release of more thyroid hormones </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">(T3 & T4) from the thyroid gland</span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\"> and vice-versa.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\"></span></p><p><b id=\"docs-internal-guid-1b6837a9-7fff-1ef3-99e4-e017a821ac00\"></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\">Majority of the T3 hormone is formed from T4 hormone and a smaller fraction is produced directly by the thyroid gland. T3 hormone circulates in the blood in two forms:</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\">1) Bound form - It is bound to proteins present in blood and this prevents it from entering body tissues. The two main proteins in the blood that the T3 hormone is bound to are albumin and </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\">Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), also called Thyroid hormone Binding Globulin (THBG).</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\">2) Free form - It enters the body tissues where it is needed and this is the active form. Free </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Triiodothyronine (</span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\">FT3) constitutes only 0.3% of the total T3 hormone.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\">The total T3 includes both bound and free forms circulating in the blood and can be affected by the amount of protein available in the blood to bind to them. The T3 hormone can be measured as Free T3 or Total T3.</span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"> Triiodothyronine (T3) Total Test measures the total levels (both free and bound forms) of Triiodothyronine (T3) hormone in the blood and is usually done as a part of the Thyroid Profile Total test which includes two more tests: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Thyroxine Total (T4) hormone.</span></p><p><br/></p>",
"id": 1960,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/triiodothyronine-total-1960"
},
{
"name": "Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Ultrasensitive",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p><b id=\"docs-internal-guid-d1d9c727-7fff-b5c9-ccb7-321ad7a55814\"></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"></span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) test measures the amount of TSH in your blood which helps to find out if the thyroid gland is working normally or not. Low TSH levels indicate hyperthyroidism and high TSH levels indicate hypothyroidism.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">In case of hyperthyroidism, the thyroid gland produces very high amounts of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and you may experience symptoms of weight loss, rapid heartbeat, tremors, sweating, anxiety, increased sensitivity towards heat, etc. In case of Hypothyroidism, there is a decrease in the production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) which may cause weight gain, fatigue, slow heart rate, increased sensitivity towards cold, depression, dry and thin hair, etc.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">There is a feedback system in the body to maintain stable amounts of the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in the blood. TSH signals the thyroid gland to make and release the thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) into the blood when the level of thyroid hormones is low and can also signal the thyroid gland to lower the production of thyroid hormones when the level of thyroid hormones is very high. So, when the thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) levels decrease, the pituitary gland is stimulated to release TSH and this high TSH level, in turn, stimulates thyroid gland to release more thyroid hormone (T3 & T4) from the thyroid gland and the vice-versa happens when the thyroid hormone levels are very high.</span></p><!--EndFragment--><p><br/></p><p><br/></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\"> </span></p><p><br/></p>",
"id": 1977,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/thyroid-stimulating-hormone-ultrasensitive-1977"
}
],
"understand": "<p>The Thyroid Profile Total test measures the levels of the following three hormones in the blood:<br />Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)<br />Thyroxine (T4) - Total<br />TriIodothyronine (T3) - Total<br /><br /></p>\n<p><strong id=\"docs-internal-guid-f34e8403-7fff-5c65-59c2-a04821b1e20b\"></strong></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">The thyroid gland (a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in front of the neck) secretes the following hormones:</span></p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Triiodothyronine (T3)</span></p>\n</li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Thyroxine (T4)</span></p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), also called Thyrotropin is a hormone secreted into the blood by the Pituitary gland (a gland present in the brain)). It tells your thyroid gland to make and release the thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) into your blood. The thyroid gland uses the iodine gained from food to make the thyroid hormones.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">The thyroid hormones are essential for growth and metabolism. If the thyroid gland produces very high amounts of T3 and T4 hormones, you may experience symptoms like weight loss, rapid heartbeat, tremors, sweating, anxiety, increased sensitivity to heat, etc. and this is known as Hyperthyroidism.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">The decreased production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) results in Hypothyroidism which may lead to weight gain, fatigue, slow heart rate, increased sensitivity to cold, depression, dry and thin hair, etc.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">There is a feedback system in the body to maintain stable amounts of the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in the blood. When the levels of thyroid hormone decrease, the pituitary gland is stimulated to release TSH. High TSH in turn increases the release of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland and vice-versa.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">T3 and T4 circulate in the blood in two forms:</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">1) Bound form - It is bound to proteins present in blood and this prevents it from entering the body tissues. The three main proteins in the blood that the thyroid hormones are bound to are albumin, transthyretin and Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), also called Thyroid hormone Binding Globulin (THBG).</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">2) Free form - It enters the body tissues where it is needed</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">The total T3 or total T4 includes both bound and free forms circulating in the blood. Hence, thyroid hormones can be measured as Free T3, Total T3, Free T4, and Total T4.</span><span style=\"color: #333333; background-color: transparent;\"> </span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">The total T3 and total T4 levels can be affected by the amount of protein available in the blood to bind to them.</span></p>\n<hr />",
"id": 2571,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/thyroid-profile-total-2571"
},
{
"name": "Lipid Profile",
"composition_details": [
{
"name": "Cholesterol - LDL",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The cholesterol LDL test measures the levels of cholesterol LDL in the blood. LDL also known as low-density lipoprotein carries cholesterol in the blood. It consists mainly of cholesterol, similar other substances, and a small amount of protein. </span></p><p><br/></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\"> It is very important to monitor and maintain healthy levels of lipids for staying healthy. Intake of foods that are high in saturated fats and trans unsaturated fats can raise the levels of cholesterol in the blood. The extra cholesterol gets deposited in plaques on the walls of blood vessels. This may result in atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). It can also increase the risk of various other health problems such as heart disease and stroke.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">The cholesterol LDL is known as “bad cholesterol” as it </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">gets deposited in the vessels as plaque, giving rise to cardiovascular diseases</span><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">. The cholesterol HDL which is the high-density lipoproteins cholesterol is known as “good cholesterol” as its role is to transport cholesterol from the arteries to the liver and thus protects the body against heart diseases.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">The cholesterol LDL test helps in determining the risk of heart disease in an individual. It also helps in planning out the treatment considering other known risk factors as well. The treatment can involve changes in lifestyle such as diet and exercise or lipid-lowering medications such as statins.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\"><br/></span></p>",
"id": 1326,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/cholesterol-ldl-1326"
},
{
"name": "Triglycerides",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p><b id=\"docs-internal-guid-a7c52393-7fff-ce6e-2703-f5b265503fc9\"></b></p><p><b id=\"docs-internal-guid-b3cda25a-7fff-8f59-d153-0be4424ad148\"></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\">Triglycerides test measures the levels of triglycerides in the blood.<br/></span></p><p><b id=\"docs-internal-guid-a60f8617-7fff-6a63-73f2-5f29236276ab\"></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Triglycerides are a type of body fat (lipid). Chemically, triglycerides consist of three ("tri-") molecules of fatty acid combined with a molecule of the alcohol glycerol ("-glyceride").</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">High levels of triglycerides in the blood have been linked to atherosclerosis which increases the risk of heart disease (Coronary Artery Disease), peripheral artery disease, stroke and kidney disease. Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque (made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances) builds up inside the arteries (blood vessels) resulting in narrowing of the lumen. This restricts the flow of blood to the organs and other parts of the body. Signs and symptoms of atherosclerosis usually do not appear until severe or total blockage of the artery (blood vessel). Therefore, most people are not aware of atherosclerosis until they have a medical emergency, such as a heart attack or stroke.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Increased levels of triglycerides may also be seen in Metabolic syndrome (cluster of metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and stroke). Very high triglyceride levels can also cause inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis).</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Triglycerides test is usually done as a part of lipid profile which includes other tests like cholesterol, HDL (High-density lipoprotein), LDL (Low-density lipoprotein), VLDL (Very low-density lipoprotein) also.</span></p>",
"id": 1958,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/triglycerides-1958"
},
{
"name": "Cholesterol - Total",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Cholesterol is essential for life, as it is required by the body to work properly. It plays a role in the formation of cell membranes in all organs and tissues in the body. It is associated with the formation of hormones which are important for development, growth, and reproduction. It forms bile acids, which help to absorb nutrients from food. </span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">In the blood, a small amount of cholesterol circulates in the form of lipoproteins which contains protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid molecules. These are classified according to their density into HDL (high-density lipoproteins), LDL (low-density lipoproteins), and VLDL (very low-density lipoproteins). HDL cholesterol is also known as good cholesterol, as it carries excess cholesterol away for disposal while LDL cholesterol is also known as bad cholesterol, as it deposits cholesterol in tissues and organs. </span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">It is important to maintain and monitor the levels of cholesterol for a healthy lifestyle. The source of cholesterol is diet as well. If a person is taking too much of cholesterol-rich foods, it can cause a rise in levels of cholesterol in the blood. The amount of cholesterol which is not required by the body starts to deposit in the form of plaques on the walls of blood vessels. These plaques can narrow or block the blood vessels opening which can lead to the hardening of arteries known as atherosclerosis. Also, with an increase in cholesterol levels, there is an increased risk of various conditions such as heart disease and stroke. </span></p><p><br/></p><!--EndFragment--><p><br/></p><p><br/></p>",
"id": 2178,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/cholesterol-total-2178"
},
{
"name": "Cholesterol - HDL",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2214,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/cholesterol-hdl-2214"
},
{
"name": "Very Low Density Lipoprotein",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2611,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/very-low-density-lipoprotein-2611"
},
{
"name": "Total Cholesterol/HDL Cholesterol Ratio",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2612,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/total-cholesterol-hdl-cholesterol-ratio-2612"
},
{
"name": "LDL/HDL Ratio",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2613,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/ldl-hdl-ratio-2613"
},
{
"name": "Non HDL Cholesterol",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2650,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/non-hdl-cholesterol-2650"
}
],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff; float: none;\">The Lipid Profile Test typically measures the levels of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Other results that may be reported include VLDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio.</span><!--EndFragment--><br /><br />Lipids are fatty acids which store energy for the body and play essential roles in cellular structure and cell signaling. Cholesterols and triglycerides are essential lipids, carried in the blood by lipoprotein particles made up of cholesterol, triglycerides, proteins and phospholipid molecules. The lipoprotein particles are classified according to their densities into High Density Lipoproteins (HDL), Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL), and Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL).</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"><strong>Cholesterol</strong> is a fat-like substance formed in the liver, as well as obtained from dietary sources. It is found in all the cells and is an essential part of the structural framework of the cells apart from performing various vital body processes. However, excess cholesterol is harmful. Increased cholesterol in blood can cause it to get deposited on the inner walls of the blood vessels forming plaque.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"><strong>Triglycerides</strong> are the commonest type of fat in the body. Triglycerides are obtained from dietary sources and form the stored fat in adipose tissues. Increase in triglyceride concentration can also give rise to cardiovascular diseases.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"><strong>High Density Lipoproteins or HDLs</strong> are high density particles which help to reduce the chances of cardiovascular diseases by picking up and carrying lipoprotein particles of lower density to the liver for disposal.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"><strong>Low Density Lipoproteins or LDLs</strong> are lipoprotein particles of low density which carry cholesterol to the tissues. Cholesterol carried by LDLs easily comes out of blood and get deposited on the inner walls of the blood vessels, increasing the chances of cardiovascular diseases.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\"><strong>Very Low Density Lipoproteins or VLDLs</strong> are lipoprotein particles of very low density which carry triglycerides to the tissues. Excess triglycerides in blood causes increase in VLDL particles which in turn again increases the chance of developing cardiovascular diseases.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Plaque deposition makes the lumen of the blood vessels narrower thereby preventing proper flow of blood and may stop the flow completely. Excessive plaque deposition can also cause the arteries to harden, giving rise to a condition called Atherosclerosis. Improper flow of blood prevents the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the vital organs and may cause heart attack or stroke.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"> </p>",
"id": 1909,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/lipid-profile-1909"
},
{
"name": "Complete Blood Count",
"composition_details": [
{
"name": "Absolute Neutrophil Count",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p>It gives us a measure of one of the components of the white blood cells , called Neutrophils. While all white blood cells help your body fight infections, neutrophils are important for fighting against bacterial infection. <br/></p>",
"id": 1496,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/absolute-neutrophil-count-1496"
},
{
"name": "Differential leucocyte Count",
"composition_details": [
{
"name": "Differential Neutrophil Count"
},
{
"name": "Differential Lymphocyte Count"
},
{
"name": "Differential Monocyte Count"
},
{
"name": "Differential Eosinophil Count"
},
{
"name": "Differential Basophil Count"
}
],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Blood is made up of different types of cells which are suspended in a fluid called plasma. These include erythrocytes or red blood cells, leukocytes or white blood cells, and platelets. Blood cells are produced by the hematopoietic cells in bone marrow and are then released into circulation. RBCs carry oxygen to the tissues, platelets help in blood clotting at a site of injury, and leukocytes form an integral part of the immune system of the body.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">WBCs are of five types, each having a different function and present in different numbers:</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">1. </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> </span></span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Neutrophils: Under normal conditions, the number of neutrophils present is higher than any other type of WBCs.. They provide protection against pathogens, mostly bacteria and sometimes fungi. Neutrophils engulf the pathogens completely and digest them (the process is called phagocytosis). They are usually associated with acute or short-term infections.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">2. </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> </span></span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Eosinophils: Eosinophils are WBCs that are primarily responsible to fight parasitic infections. They are also involved in allergic reactions and regulation of the extent of immune response.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">3. </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> </span></span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Basophils: Basophils are WBCs which are present in the lowest numbers in circulation. They are considered to play an important role in allergic response.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">[Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are together classified as granulocytes. Granulocytes are the WBCs which contain granules present in their cytoplasm. These granules secrete chemicals during immune response.]</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">4. </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> </span></span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Monocytes: Monocytes are WBCs which are also involved in protection against infectious pathogens by phagocytosis like neutrophils. However, monocytes are more commonly associated with chronic or long-term infections.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">5. </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> </span></span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Lymphocytes: These are specialized WBCs which are responsible for recognizing and neutralizing foreign (non-self) cells and cancer cells in the body. Lymphocytes are of three types, all of which are differentiated from a common type of lymphocyte progenitor cell:</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">· T cells or T lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland. They are responsible for differentiating between self and non-self cells of the body. T cells are also responsible for the initiation and extent of immune response, and targeted destruction of cancer cells and virus.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">· B cells or B lymphocytes are control acquired immunity by producing antibodies against antigens found on foreign cells and pathogens like bacteria and viruses.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">· Natural killer cells or NK cells destroy all foreign cells tagged by antibodies, cancer cells and virus-infected cells by phagocytosis.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Depending on various factors like age, gender, health condition, environmental factors, etc., varying amounts of different types of WBCs circulate in the blood. The bone marrow increases production of WBCs in response to an infection or inflammation anywhere in the body, which are then called to the site by a series of chemical signals, where they work to treat the condition. Depending on the condition, the count of one or more types of WBCs remains high in the blood. Once the condition subsides, WBC production by the bone marrow decreases and their count in circulation falls back to normal levels. Elevated amount of one or more types of leukocytes for a long time may be an indication of a chronic condition that is not resolving naturally and might need urgent attention.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Apart from an infection or inflammation, WBC count in blood can also be affected by other conditions like disorders of the immune system, autoimmune conditions, cancer, etc. One or more types of WBC count may be higher or lower than normal in these cases.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Differential Leukocyte Count Test serves as an indication of a condition affecting the body. Further tests are performed to confirm a particular condition and direct treatment.</span></p><!--EndFragment--><p><br/></p><p><br/></p>",
"id": 1760,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/differential-leucocyte-count-1760",
"sub_text": "This further contains"
},
{
"name": "Red Blood Cell Count",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 1772,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/red-blood-cell-count-1772"
},
{
"name": "Hemoglobin",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p><b id=\"docs-internal-guid-74306b0f-7fff-35aa-3483-fad0cc95bf54\"></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.<br/></span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein found in red blood cells (RBCs) that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues, and to exchange the oxygen for carbon dioxide. Hemoglobin then carries the carbon dioxide back to the lungs and where it is exchanged for oxygen. </span><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\">Iron is an essential part of hemoglobin. Most blood cells, including red blood cells, are produced regularly in your bone marrow (present within the cavities of many of large bones). To produce hemoglobin and red blood cells, your body needs iron, vitamin B12, folate and other nutrients from the foods you eat.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\">A decrease in hemoglobin concentration in blood results in anemia. Anemia is a blood disorder characterized by a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen to body organs and tissues. Anemia is the most common blood disorder, affecting about a third of the global population and can cause symptoms like tiredness (fatigue), weakness, shortness of breath etc.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff;\">The hemoglobin test is usually performed as a part of complete blood count (CBC) test. </span></p>",
"id": 1838,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/hemoglobin-1838"
},
{
"name": "Platelet Count",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">The platelet count measures the number of platelets present in the blood. Platelets are also known as thrombocytes which are tiny fragments of cells. These are formed from large cells which are found in the bone marrow known as megakaryocytes. After the platelets are formed, they are released into the blood circulation.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">Whenever there is an injury to a tissue or blood vessel, bleeding starts. At this point, platelets help in stopping the bleeding in three ways:</span></p><ul><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">The platelets will adhere to the injury site</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">The platelets will accumulate at the injury site </span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">The platelets will release chemical compounds which stimulate gathering of other platelets</span></p></li></ul><p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">With these steps, a loose platelet connection forms at the site of injury. This process is known as primary hemostasis. The activated platelets start to support the coagulation cascade which involves a series of steps that includes the sequential activation of clotting factors. This process is known as secondary hemostasis which results in the formation of fibrin strands that knit through the loose platelet connection to form a fibrin net. After that, the connection is compressed to form a stable clot so that it remains in place until the injury heals. Once the injury is healed, other factors come into play and break it down so that it gets removed. </span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;background-color: transparent;\">In case the platelets are not sufficient in number or are not functioning properly, a stable clot might not form. These unstable clots can result in an increased risk of excessive bleeding. </span></p><!--EndFragment--><p><br/></p><p><br/></p>",
"id": 1900,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/platelet-count-1900"
},
{
"name": "Total Leucocyte Count",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Blood is made up of different types of cells suspended in a fluid called plasma. These include erythrocytes or red blood cells, leukocytes or white blood cells, and platelets. Blood cells are produced by the hematopoietic cells in bone marrow and are then released into circulation. RBCs carry oxygen to the tissues, platelets help in blood clotting at a site of injury, and leukocytes form a part of the immune system of the body. WBCs are of five primary types: neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are further of three types: B-Lymphocytes, T-Lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils are collectively called granulocytes since they contain granules in cytoplasm.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Depending on various factors like age, gender, health condition, environmental factors, etc., varying amounts of different types of WBCs circulate in the blood. The bone marrow increases the production of WBCs in response to an infection or inflammation anywhere in the body. These WBCs are called to the site by a series of chemical signals, where they work to treat the condition. During this time, the total leukocyte count remains high in blood. Once the infection or inflammation subsides, WBC production by bone marrow decreases and WBC count in circulation falls back to normal levels. A continuously elevated WBC count may thus be an indication of a chronic condition that is not resolving naturally and might need urgent attention.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Apart from an infection or inflammation, WBC count in blood can also be affected by other conditions like disorders of the immune system, autoimmune conditions, cancer, etc. WBC count may be higher or lower than normal in these cases.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">WBC count test serves as an indication of a condition affecting the body. Further tests are performed to confirm a particular condition and direct treatment.</span></p><!--EndFragment--><p><br/></p><p><br/></p>",
"id": 1954,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/total-leucocyte-count-1954"
},
{
"name": "Absolute Basophil Count",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 1978,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/absolute-basophil-count-1978"
},
{
"name": "Absolute Monocyte Count",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2141,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/absolute-monocyte-count-2141"
},
{
"name": "Absolute Eosinophil Count",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The absolute eosinophil count measures the number of eosinophils present in the blood. Eosinophils, a type of white blood cells, helps in fighting the disease. These come into action for are said to be linked with certain infections and allergic diseases. The eosinophils are produced and mature in the bone marrow. They usually take about 8 days to mature and then are moved to blood vessels.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The eosinophils have varied functions which include the physiological role in organ formation such as the development of post-gestational mammary gland. Other functions include its movement to the areas of inflammation, trapping substances, killing cells, bactericidal and anti-parasitic activity. It also helps the treatment of immediate allergic reactions and modulation of inflammatory responses.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\"><br/></span></p>",
"id": 2148,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/absolute-eosinophil-count-2148"
},
{
"name": "Hematocrit",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": "<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">Human blood is made up of erythrocytes or red blood cells, leukocytes or white blood cells, and platelets suspended in a fluid called plasma. Each of the component of blood performs a specific function. The packed cell volume or hematocrit is a ratio of the volume occupied by the RBCs to the total volume occupied by all the blood components or whole blood.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">The RBCs transport inhaled oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body, and also a small amount of carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs to be exhaled. The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in solution in plasma as bicarbonate ions. They contain a protein called hemoglobin which binds to oxygen for transport.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: transparent;\">RBCs are produced in the erythropoietic cells of the bone marrow in response to the hormone Erythropoietin secreted by the kidneys when oxygen saturation of blood is detected to be low (hypoxia). The average lifespan of RBCs in circulation is 120 days. Hence, the bone marrows continuously produce RBCs to maintain a steady concentration in blood. The Packed Cell Volume Test depends on the count as well as the average size of the RBCs (Mean Corpuscular Volume or MCV). Higher than normal amount of RBCs produced by the bone marrow can cause the hematocrit to increase, leading to increased blood density and slow blood flow. Lower than normal hematocrit can be caused by low production of RBCs, reduced lifespan of RBC in circulation, or excessive bleeding, leading to reduced amount of oxygen reaching the cells.</span></p><!--EndFragment--><p><br/></p><p><br/></p>",
"id": 2324,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/hematocrit-2324"
},
{
"name": "Mean Corpuscular Volume",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2598,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/mean-corpuscular-volume-2598"
},
{
"name": "Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2599,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/mean-corpuscular-hemoglobin-2599"
},
{
"name": "Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2600,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/mean-corpuscular-hemoglobin-concentration-2600"
},
{
"name": "Mean Platelet Volume",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 2660,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/mean-platelet-volume-2660"
},
{
"name": "PDW",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 32844,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/pdw-32844"
},
{
"name": "RDW CV",
"composition_details": [],
"understand": null,
"id": 34965,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/rdw-cv-34965"
}
],
"understand": "<p><strong id=\"docs-internal-guid-ee7b0b3b-7fff-fc34-ea1b-0b891c1019da\"></strong></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Blood is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma (yellowish-colored liquid). The blood cells include red blood cells (also called RBCs or erythrocytes), white blood cells (also called WBCs or leukocytes), and platelets (also called thrombocytes).</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Red blood cells</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong> (RBCs)</strong> are the most abundant blood cells. RBCs contain hemoglobin which helps in the transportation of oxygen to the tissues. RBC count is the measurement of the number of RBCs in a given volume of blood.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Packed Cell Volume (PCV) or Hematocrit (Hct)</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"> is the measurement of the blood volume occupied by RBCs. It is expressed in percentage.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>White blood cells</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong> (WBCs) </strong>are key components of the immune system and thus protect the body from various infections and cancers. </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Total Leucocyte count</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"> </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">(TLC)</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"> is the measurement of the total number of leukocytes (WBCs) in a given volume of blood. </span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">There are five types of WBCs:</span></p>\n<ol>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Neutrophils</span></p>\n</li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Basophils</span></p>\n</li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Eosinophils</span></p>\n</li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Lymphocytes</span></p>\n</li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Monocytes</span></p>\n</li>\n</ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Differential Leucocyte Count (DLC)</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"> determines the percentage of different types of WBCs.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Neutrophils, Basophils, and Eosinophils are called </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Granulocytes</span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"> because of the presence of granules inside these cells.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Absolute count of different types of WBCs </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">is the measurement of their absolute numbers in the given volume of blood.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Platelet count</strong> </span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">- Platelets (also called thrombocytes) are disc-shaped cell fragments without a nucleus that help in blood clotting. Platelet count is the measurement of the number of platelets in a given volume of blood.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong> </strong>is a measurement of the average size of platelets.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>PDW or platelet distribution width</strong> refers to the variation of platelet size distribution </span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Hemoglobin (Hb)</strong> - </span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"> </span><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-45e95cce-7fff-631d-0bec-7c15fd7f2b4e\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein found in red blood cells (RBCs) that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues, exchanges the oxygen for carbon dioxide, and then carries the carbon dioxide back to the lungs where it is exchanged for oxygen.</span></span><!--EndFragment--><br /><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><br /></strong></span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> is the average volume of a red blood cell.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong> </strong>is the average amount of hemoglobin in the average red blood cell.</span></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"> is the average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of red cells.</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Red Cell Distribution Width Coefficient of variation (RDW CV)</strong></span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">is a measurement of the variability of the red blood distribution curve and their mean size. </span></p>",
"id": 1717,
"slug_url": "/labs/test/complete-blood-count-1717"
},
{
"name": "Glucose - Fasting",
"composition_details": [],
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